Lucena F, Lasobras J, McIntosh D, Forcadell M, Jofre J
Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2272-7. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.7.2272-2277.1994.
Concentrations of fecal bacteria, somatic and F-specific coliphages, and phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis in naturally occurring black mussels (Mytilus edulis) were determined. Mussels were collected over a 7-month period at four sampling sites with different levels of fecal pollution. Concentrations of both fecal bacteria and bacteriophages in mussel meat paralleled the concentration of fecal bacteria in the overlying waters. Mussels bioaccumulated efficiently, although with different efficiencies, all of the microorganisms studied. Ratios comparing the levels of microorganisms in mussels were determined. These ratios changed in mussels collected at the different sites. They suggest that bacteriophages infecting B. fragilis and somatic coliphages have the lowest decay rates among the microorganisms studied, with the exception of Clostridium perfringens. On the contrary, concentrations of F-specific coliphages showed a greater rate of decay than the other bacteriophages at sites more distant from the focus of contamination. Additionally, levels of enteroviruses were studied in a number of samples, and in these samples, the B. fragilis bacteriophages clearly outnumbered the enteroviruses. The results of this study indicate that, under the environmental conditions studied, the fate of phages infecting B. fragilis released into the marine environment resembles that of human viruses more than any other microorganism examined.
测定了天然黑贻贝（紫贻贝）中粪便细菌、体细胞和F特异性大肠杆菌噬菌体以及感染脆弱拟杆菌的噬菌体的浓度。在7个月的时间里，在四个粪便污染程度不同的采样点采集贻贝。贻贝肉中粪便细菌和噬菌体的浓度与上层水体中粪便细菌的浓度平行。贻贝能够有效地生物累积所研究的所有微生物，尽管效率有所不同。确定了比较贻贝中微生物水平的比率。这些比率在不同地点采集的贻贝中有所变化。结果表明，在所研究的微生物中，除产气荚膜梭菌外，感染脆弱拟杆菌的噬菌体和体细胞大肠杆菌噬菌体的衰减率最低。相反，在距离污染源较远的地点，F特异性大肠杆菌噬菌体的浓度衰减率比其他噬菌体更高。此外，在一些样本中研究了肠道病毒的水平，在这些样本中，脆弱拟杆菌噬菌体的数量明显超过肠道病毒。这项研究的结果表明，在所研究的环境条件下，释放到海洋环境中的感染脆弱拟杆菌的噬菌体的命运比所检测的任何其他微生物更类似于人类病毒。
