Adami S
Istituto di Semeiotica e Nefrologia Medica, University of Verona, Italy.
Osteoporos Int. 1994;4 Suppl 1:27-30. doi: 10.1007/BF01623431.
Bone mass in the elderly depends on the rate of involutional bone loss and on the peak bone mass, i.e. the bone mass present around the third decade of life. Factors relating to the attainment of peak bone mass include congenital factors, diet, hormones, physical activity, life-style factors, drugs and diseases. A therapeutic intervention aimed at increasing peak bone mass is conceivable only by controlling factors such as estrogen status, dietary calcium intake and physical activity. Calcium intake appears to be relevant up to the so-called threshold intake (1000 mg/day), but higher allowances do not seem to offer additive advantages. Exercise affects only the regions of the skeleton under mechanical stress. Estrogen administration is realistic only in conditions characterized by severe hypoestrogenism.
老年人的骨量取决于骨质 involutional 丢失率和峰值骨量，即生命第三个十年左右时的骨量。与达到峰值骨量相关的因素包括先天性因素、饮食、激素、身体活动、生活方式因素、药物和疾病。只有通过控制诸如雌激素状态、饮食钙摄入量和身体活动等因素，才有可能设想出旨在增加峰值骨量的治疗干预措施。钙摄入量在达到所谓的阈值摄入量（1000毫克/天）之前似乎是相关的，但更高的摄入量似乎并没有额外的益处。运动仅影响承受机械应力的骨骼区域。仅在严重雌激素缺乏的情况下给予雌激素才是可行的。
