Couraud P O
Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pharmacologie Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 0415, Université Paris VII, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, France.
J Leukoc Biol. 1994 Sep;56(3):407-15. doi: 10.1002/jlb.56.3.407.
Brain has often been considered as an "immunologically privileged organ," not normally accessible to leukocyte traffic, at least in part because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier, constituted by a specialized microvasculature and surrounding astrocytes, which restricts the exchanges between blood and brain. However, more recent studies have revealed that activated leukocytes can cross into the CNS, at very low levels under normal conditions, in much higher numbers during neuropathological disorders like multiple sclerosis or retroviral infection, and, within brain parenchyma, interact with CNS cells. The present review will thus highlight the multidirectional communication network, based on adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production, which appears in such situations between infiltrated leukocytes, brain microvessel endothelial cells, macroglia (including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), microglial cells and neurons.
大脑常被视为一个“免疫特惠器官”，通常白细胞无法进入，至少部分原因是存在血脑屏障，它由特殊的微血管系统和周围的星形胶质细胞构成，限制了血液与大脑之间的物质交换。然而，最近的研究表明，活化的白细胞能够进入中枢神经系统，在正常情况下数量极少，而在诸如多发性硬化症或逆转录病毒感染等神经病理疾病中数量会大幅增加，并且在脑实质内，白细胞会与中枢神经系统细胞相互作用。因此，本综述将着重介绍基于黏附分子表达和细胞因子产生的多向通讯网络，这种网络出现在浸润的白细胞、脑微血管内皮细胞、大胶质细胞（包括星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞）、小胶质细胞和神经元之间的这种情况下。
