Nutting E F, Mueller M R
Fertil Steril. 1975 Aug;26(8):845-56. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)41302-6.
A copper wire intrauterine device (GuIUD) was inserted into mature female rabbits 14 days prior to artificial insemination (AI), and its effect on the histology of the pregnant uterus was studied 48 to 192 hours after AI. In a related study, estrogen-primed immature femal rabbits were fitted with a device consisting of 321 mm of copper wire wound around a 17-mm plastic carrier and treated subcutaneously for 5 days with 0.1 mg of progesterone daily. Uterine tissue samples were obtained on the following day, examined histologically, and tested for carbonic anhydrase activity. In both studies, gold wire devices, similar to the respective copper devices, and sham surgery served as controls. In the pregnant rabbit, the McPhail score (McPhail MK: J Physiol (Lond) 83:145, 1934) measuring arborization of the luminal epithelium was significantly lower in tissue surrounding the CuIUD than in tissue anterior to the CuIUD or in tissue from the contralateral control horn bearing an AuIUD or subjected to sham surgery, 96 to 192 hours after AI. The morphologic development of the epithelial cell structure was retarded only in areas surrounding the CuIUD 96 to 192 hours after AI. There were no observable differences in the stroma or in the leukocytic infiltration of the tissue. In the estrogen-primed immature rabbits, the ability of the tissue to react to exogenous progesterone was depressed in tissue surrounding the copper device, as determined by the lower McPhail score, compared with tissue anterior to the copper device or from contralateral controls. Similary, progestational stimulation of carbonic anhydrase was blocked significantly in tissue surrounding the CuIUD and, to a lesser extent, in tissue anterior to the CuIUD. The data suggest that copper ions eluted from the CuIUD produce a contraceptive effect by locally blocking the action of progesterone on the epithelial tissue.
在人工授精（AI）前14天将铜丝宫内节育器（GuIUD）植入成年雌性兔体内，并在AI后48至192小时研究其对妊娠子宫组织学的影响。在一项相关研究中，用雌激素预处理的未成熟雌性兔被植入一个由缠绕在17毫米塑料载体上的321毫米铜丝组成的装置，并每天皮下注射0.1毫克孕酮，持续5天。次日获取子宫组织样本，进行组织学检查，并检测碳酸酐酶活性。在两项研究中，与各自的铜装置相似的金线装置以及假手术作为对照。在妊娠兔中，测量管腔上皮分支化的麦克费尔评分（McPhail MK：《生理学杂志》（伦敦）83:145，1934）显示，在AI后96至192小时，CuIUD周围组织中的评分显著低于CuIUD前方组织或对侧带有AuIUD或接受假手术的对照角组织中的评分。AI后96至192小时，上皮细胞结构的形态发育仅在CuIUD周围区域受到抑制。组织的基质或白细胞浸润没有明显差异。在用雌激素预处理的未成熟兔中，与铜装置前方组织或对侧对照组织相比，通过较低的麦克费尔评分确定，铜装置周围组织对外源性孕酮的反应能力受到抑制。同样，碳酸酐酶的孕激素刺激在CuIUD周围组织中被显著阻断，在CuIUD前方组织中阻断程度较小。数据表明，从CuIUD中洗脱的铜离子通过局部阻断孕酮对上皮组织的作用产生避孕效果。
