De Houwer J, Fias W, d'Ydewalle G
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Psychol Res. 1994;56(4):293-300. doi: 10.1007/BF00419659.
Glaser and Glaser (1989) assume that the processing of colors and pictures is highly similar in that, compared to words, both kinds of stimulis have privileged access to semantic information. This assumption was tested in the present research. In Experiment 1, the season corresponding to the color or to the word of color-word Stroop stimuli had to be named (e.g., green for spring). In Experiment 2, subjects had to name the season corresponding to the picture or the word of a picture-word stimulus (e.g., flower for spring). According to Glaser and Glaser (1989), privileged semantic processing of colors and pictures should be evidenced by a larger interfering power of color and picture distractors than of word distractors. However, the asymmetric pattern of interference was observed only with picture-word stimuli (Experiment 2), but not with color-word stimuli (Experiment 1), suggesting that, unlike pictures, colors do not have privileged access to semantic information. It was also found that word distractors interfered with the semantic processing of pictures, a result that is incompatible with the dominance rule postulated by Glaser and Glaser (1989). From these results, an adapted version of the Glaser and Glaser model is proposed: colors are assumed to have privileged access to a separate color-processing system and the pattern of interference depends upon the relative activation strength of the response alternatives activated by the target and the distractor.
格拉泽和格拉泽（1989）认为，颜色和图片的处理方式高度相似，因为与单词相比，这两种刺激都能更优先地获取语义信息。本研究对这一假设进行了检验。在实验1中，需要说出与颜色-单词斯特鲁普刺激中的颜色或单词相对应的季节（例如，绿色对应春天）。在实验2中，受试者必须说出与图片-单词刺激中的图片或单词相对应的季节（例如，花朵对应春天）。根据格拉泽和格拉泽（1989）的观点，颜色和图片的优先语义处理应表现为颜色和图片干扰项的干扰力大于单词干扰项。然而，仅在图片-单词刺激（实验2）中观察到了不对称的干扰模式，而在颜色-单词刺激（实验1）中未观察到，这表明与图片不同，颜色无法优先获取语义信息。研究还发现，单词干扰项会干扰图片的语义处理，这一结果与格拉泽和格拉泽（1989）提出的优势规则不相符。基于这些结果，提出了格拉泽和格拉泽模型的一个改进版本：假设颜色能够优先进入一个独立的颜色处理系统，干扰模式取决于目标和干扰项激活的反应选项的相对激活强度。
