Holfels E, McAuley J, Mack D, Milhous W K, McLeod R
Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60616.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jun;38(6):1392-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.38.6.1392.
The in vitro effect of the following antimicrobial agents on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were studied: artemisinin ether (arteether), cycloguanil hydrochloride (cycloguanil), mefloquine, primaquine phosphate, and quinine sulfate, as well as the calcium channel blocker verapamil and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine hydrochloride. Arteether at > or = 0.5 micrograms/ml and cycloguanil at > or = 1.0 micrograms/ml inhibited T. gondii in vitro. Cycloguanil (2.5 micrograms/ml) combined with a noninhibitory concentration of sulfadiazine (25 micrograms/ml) inhibited T. gondii more than cycloguanil alone. Neither primaquine phosphate, mefloquine, nor quinine sulfate had an inhibitory effect on intracellular T. gondii. Verapamil and trifluoperazine hydrochloride were not inhibitor at lower physiologic concentrations, but higher physiologic concentrations were toxic to cell cultures in vitro and therefore our assay could not be used to assess their effects.
青蒿琥酯（蒿甲醚）、盐酸环氯胍、甲氟喹、磷酸伯氨喹和硫酸奎宁，以及钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米和钙调蛋白抑制剂盐酸三氟拉嗪。蒿甲醚浓度≥0.5微克/毫升和盐酸环氯胍浓度≥1.0微克/毫升时可在体外抑制刚地弓形虫。盐酸环氯胍（2.5微克/毫升）与非抑制浓度的磺胺嘧啶（25微克/毫升）联合使用比单独使用盐酸环氯胍对刚地弓形虫的抑制作用更强。磷酸伯氨喹、甲氟喹和硫酸奎宁对细胞内的刚地弓形虫均无抑制作用。维拉帕米和盐酸三氟拉嗪在较低的生理浓度下无抑制作用，但较高的生理浓度对体外细胞培养有毒性，因此我们的试验无法用于评估它们的作用。
