Ludwig G V, Iacono-Connors L C
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1993 Apr;29A(4):296-309. doi: 10.1007/BF02633958.
The Flaviviridae include almost 70 viruses, nearly half of which have been associated with human disease. These viruses are among the most important arthropod-borne viruses worldwide and include dengue, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Morbidity and mortality caused by these viruses vary, but collectively they account for millions of encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, arthralgia, rash, and fever cases per year. Most of the members of this family are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors, most commonly mosquitoes or ticks. Transmission cycles can be simple or complex depending on the hosts, vectors, the virus, and the environmental factors affecting both hosts and viruses. Replication of virus in invertebrate hosts does not seem to result in any significant pathology, which suggests a close evolutionary relationship between virus and vector. Another example of this relationship is the ability of these viruses to grow in invertebrate cell culture, where replication usually results in a steady state, persistent infection, often without cytopathic effect. Yields of virus from insect cell culture vary but are generally similar to yields in vertebrate cells. Replication kinetics are comparable between insect and vertebrate cell lines, despite differences in incubation temperature. Both vertebrate and insect cell culture systems continue to play a significant role in flavivirus isolation and the diagnosis of disease caused by these agents. Additionally, these culture systems permit the study of flavivirus attachment, penetration, replication, and release from cells and have been instrumental in the production and characterization of live-attenuated vaccines. Both vertebrate and insect cell culture systems will continue to play a significant role in basic and applied flavivirus research in the future.
黄病毒科包括近70种病毒，其中近一半与人类疾病有关。这些病毒是全球最重要的节肢动物传播病毒之一，包括登革热病毒、黄热病毒和日本脑炎病毒。这些病毒引起的发病率和死亡率各不相同，但总体而言，它们每年导致数百万例脑炎、出血热、关节痛、皮疹和发热病例。该科的大多数成员通过节肢动物媒介在脊椎动物宿主之间传播，最常见的是蚊子或蜱。传播周期可能简单也可能复杂，这取决于宿主、媒介、病毒以及影响宿主和病毒的环境因素。病毒在无脊椎动物宿主中的复制似乎不会导致任何明显的病理变化，这表明病毒与媒介之间存在密切的进化关系。这种关系的另一个例子是这些病毒在无脊椎动物细胞培养中生长的能力，在这种培养中，复制通常会导致稳定状态的持续感染，通常没有细胞病变效应。昆虫细胞培养产生的病毒产量各不相同，但通常与脊椎动物细胞中的产量相似。尽管孵育温度不同，但昆虫和脊椎动物细胞系之间的复制动力学具有可比性。脊椎动物和昆虫细胞培养系统在黄病毒分离以及这些病原体引起的疾病诊断中继续发挥着重要作用。此外，这些培养系统有助于研究黄病毒与细胞的附着、穿透、复制和释放，并且在减毒活疫苗的生产和特性研究中发挥了重要作用。脊椎动物和昆虫细胞培养系统在未来的黄病毒基础研究和应用研究中都将继续发挥重要作用。
