Rivara F P, Jurkovich G J, Gurney J G, Seguin D, Fligner C L, Ries R, Raisys V A, Copass M
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash.
Arch Surg. 1993 Aug;128(8):907-12; discussion 912-3. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420200081015.
To assess the incidence of acute alcohol intoxication and the proportion of trauma patients with evidence of chronic alcohol abuse.
Prospective cohort study.
Regional level I trauma center.
Patients aged 18 years and older admitted with blunt or penetrating trauma.
Admission blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), the Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (SMAST), and biochemical markers for chronic alcohol abuse.
Of the 2657 patients enrolled, 47.0% had a positive BAC and 35.8% were intoxicated (BAC > or = 100 mg/dL) on admission to the emergency department. Intoxicated patients were more likely to be 25 to 34 years old, male, and nonwhite; the highest proportion of intoxicated patients was among victims of stab wounds. Three fourths of acutely intoxicated patients had evidence of chronic alcoholism as indicated by a positive SMAST, and 25% to 35% of acutely intoxicated patients had biochemical evidence of chronic alcohol abuse.
The high prevalence of both acute intoxication and chronic alcoholism in trauma patients indicates the need to diagnose and appropriately treat this pervasive problem in trauma victims.
评估急性酒精中毒的发生率以及有慢性酒精滥用证据的创伤患者比例。
前瞻性队列研究。
地区一级创伤中心。
18岁及以上因钝性或穿透性创伤入院的患者。
入院时血液酒精浓度（BACs）、密歇根酒精筛查简表（SMAST）以及慢性酒精滥用的生化标志物。
在纳入的2657例患者中，47.0%的患者入院时BAC呈阳性，35.8%的患者在急诊科入院时处于醉酒状态（BAC≥100mg/dL）。醉酒患者更有可能年龄在25至34岁之间、为男性且非白人；醉酒患者比例最高的是刺伤受害者。四分之三的急性醉酒患者有SMAST阳性所表明的慢性酒精中毒证据，25%至35%的急性醉酒患者有慢性酒精滥用的生化证据。
创伤患者中急性中毒和慢性酒精中毒的高患病率表明有必要诊断并适当治疗创伤受害者中这一普遍存在的问题。
