Rice M L, Oetting J B
University of Kansas, Lawrence.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Dec;36(6):1249-57. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3606.1249.
Three accounts of the grammatical deficits of children with specific language impairment (SLI), that is, Missing Feature, Surface Account, and Missing Agreement, were evaluated by examining children with SLI and language-matched non-SLI children's acquisition of number marking and number agreement. The data consisted of spontaneous language transcripts from 108 preschool children. Number marking was evaluated using five indices of plural development: percent of use in obligatory contexts, lexical productivity, selectivity, contrastivity, and morphological productivity. Two levels of number agreement were examined: the traditional agreement between the verb and its subject, and a new measure of agreement within the noun phrase. The results indicated that children with SLI control number marking, counter to the predictions of the Missing Feature hypothesis and the Surface Account. On the other hand, as predicted, number agreement across clausal boundaries was more difficult for the children with SLI as compared to the children in the control group. A close analysis of number marking within the noun phrase revealed two distinctive contexts, determiner+noun versus quantifier+noun. Children with SLI had more difficulty with the latter than the former, whereas the two contexts were not differentiated for the control children. Syntactic and semantic explanations are discussed as interpretive options.
通过研究患有特定语言障碍（SLI）的儿童以及语言匹配的非SLI儿童对数标记和数一致关系的习得情况，对三种关于患有特定语言障碍儿童语法缺陷的观点，即缺失特征、表层观点和缺失一致关系，进行了评估。数据由108名学龄前儿童的自发语言记录组成。使用复数发展的五个指标对数标记进行评估：在 obligatory 语境中的使用百分比、词汇生产率、选择性、对比性和形态生产率。研究了两个层面的数一致关系：动词与其主语之间的传统一致关系，以及名词短语内的一种新的一致关系衡量标准。结果表明，患有SLI的儿童能够控制数标记，这与缺失特征假设和表层观点的预测相反。另一方面，正如所预测的，与对照组儿童相比，患有SLI的儿童跨子句边界的数一致关系更困难。对名词短语内数标记的仔细分析揭示了两种不同的语境，限定词 + 名词与量词 + 名词。患有SLI的儿童在后者语境中比在前者语境中更困难，而对于对照组儿童来说，这两种语境没有差异。讨论了句法和语义解释作为解释选项。
