Song K J, Nerurkar V R, Saitou N, Lazo A, Blakeslee J R, Miyoshi I, Yanagihara R
Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Virology. 1994 Feb 15;199(1):56-66. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1097.
Type C retroviruses, designated simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I), have been isolated from several genera of Old World monkeys and apes, but not from New World monkeys and prosimians. To determine the genomic diversity and molecular evolution of STLV-I and to clarify their genetic relationship to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced selected regions of the gag, pol, env, and pX genes of STLV-I strains from Asia and Africa. STLV-I strains Si-2, Matsu, and JM86 from Japanese macaques, which exhibited sequence similarities ranging from 98.5 to 99.8% among themselves, diverged by 12.9 to 13.3% from STLV-I strain MM39-83 from a naturally infected rhesus macaque, by 9.7 to 11.2% from STLV-I strains from Africa, and by 8.8 to 11.2% from HTLV-I strains originating in Japan, India, Africa, the Caribbean, the Americas, Polynesia, and Melanesia. By contrast, the interspecies nucleotide sequence similarity among African STLV-I strains from green monkey, yellow baboon, sooty mangabey, and common chimpanzee was remarkably high, ranging from 96.9 to 97.4%, and these STLV-I strains diverged by only 2.2 to 2.8% from HTLV-I strain EL from equatorial Zaire. Phylogenetic trees constructed by using the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods indicated that the Asian STLV-I strains diverged from the common ancestral virus prior to African STLV-I and cosmopolitan and Melanesian HTLV-I strains. Thus, our data are consistent with an archaic presence of STLV-I in Asia, probably predating macaque speciation, with subsequent independent virus evolution in Asia and Africa.
C型逆转录病毒，即猴T细胞嗜淋巴病毒I型（STLV-I），已从旧大陆猴和猿的多个属中分离出来，但未从新大陆猴和原猴亚目动物中分离出来。为了确定STLV-I的基因组多样性和分子进化，并阐明它们与人类T细胞嗜淋巴病毒I型（HTLV-I）的遗传关系，我们对来自亚洲和非洲的STLV-I毒株的gag、pol、env和pX基因的选定区域进行酶促扩增，然后直接测序。来自日本猕猴的STLV-I毒株Si-2、Matsu和JM86，它们之间的序列相似性在98.5%至99.8%之间，与来自自然感染恒河猴的STLV-I毒株MM39-83的差异为12.9%至13.3%，与来自非洲的STLV-I毒株的差异为9.7%至11.2%，与源自日本、印度、非洲、加勒比地区、美洲、波利尼西亚和美拉尼西亚的HTLV-I毒株的差异为8.8%至11.2%。相比之下，来自绿猴、黄狒狒、黑冠白睑猴和普通黑猩猩的非洲STLV-I毒株之间的种间核苷酸序列相似性非常高，在96.9%至97.4%之间，并且这些STLV-I毒株与来自赤道扎伊尔的HTLV-I毒株EL的差异仅为2.2%至2.8%。使用邻接法和最大简约法构建的系统发育树表明，亚洲STLV-I毒株在非洲STLV-I以及世界性和美拉尼西亚HTLV-I毒株之前就从共同的祖先病毒中分化出来。因此，我们的数据与STLV-I在亚洲的古老存在一致，可能早于猕猴物种形成，随后在亚洲和非洲独立进化。
