Stone W L, Hoffman E L, Lewis S E, Ousley O Y
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 Feb;148(2):174-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170020060010.
To determine which behavioral characteristics of autism are apparent in early childhood and to examine the relative contributions of clinical observation and parental reports to early identification of autism.
Blinded comparison of behavioral data obtained through parental reports and clinical observation.
Child development referral center.
Twenty-six children (23 boys and three girls) younger than age 48 months with a clinical diagnosis of autism.
Consecutive sample.
None.
Social interaction, communication, and activities and interests were evaluated using standard diagnostic criteria for autism. Results suggested that deficits in the areas of social interaction, imitation, play, and nonverbal communication are more prominent than insistence on sameness and routines in young children with autism. Also, parental reports and clinical observation appear to detect different aspects of abnormal behavior patterns in this sample.
Improved awareness of the early signs of autism should help physicians recognize this disorder in a timely manner. Further research may identify how observation of play and parental reports might be incorporated efficiently into a physician's repertoire of developmental and behavioral screening tools.
确定自闭症的哪些行为特征在幼儿期较为明显，并研究临床观察和家长报告对自闭症早期识别的相对贡献。
对通过家长报告和临床观察获得的行为数据进行盲法比较。
儿童发育转诊中心。
26名年龄小于48个月、临床诊断为自闭症的儿童（23名男孩和3名女孩）。
连续抽样。
无。
使用自闭症的标准诊断标准对社交互动、沟通以及活动和兴趣进行评估。结果表明，在患有自闭症的幼儿中，社交互动、模仿、玩耍和非言语沟通方面的缺陷比坚持同一性和常规更为突出。此外，在该样本中，家长报告和临床观察似乎能检测到异常行为模式的不同方面。
提高对自闭症早期迹象的认识应有助于医生及时识别这种疾病。进一步的研究可能会确定如何将对玩耍的观察和家长报告有效地纳入医生的发育和行为筛查工具库中。
