Hannan M, Cormican M, Flynn J
Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
Ir J Med Sci. 1993 Dec;162(12):499-501. doi: 10.1007/BF03022582.
Urinary tract infection is a major cause of morbidity in both the hospital and community which often requires empirical therapy. We have retrospectively studied laboratory diagnosed urinary tract infections for the years 1980 and 1990 to document the common pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. In 1990 a significantly lower proportion of specimens yielded Proteus sp. or Klebsiella sp. than was the case in 1980. This was true of specimens from both the hospital and the community. There was an increase in the proportion of specimens yielding Pseudomonas sp. and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Significant changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary pathogens are also noted. In particular a greater proportion of isolates from the community were sensitive to cephalothin in 1990, while fewer isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid and gentamicin. A greater proportion of isolated from hospital practice were sensitive to ampicillin, to cephalothin and to trimethoprim in 1990 while fewer isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. In relation to nitrofurantoin no significant change was noted. In respect of isolates from both community and hospital practice the agents ofloxacin, co-amoxiclav (not available in 1980) and gentamicin are those which are most consistently active.
尿路感染是医院和社区发病的主要原因，通常需要经验性治疗。我们回顾性研究了1980年和1990年实验室诊断的尿路感染，以记录常见病原体和抗菌药物敏感性模式。1990年，产生变形杆菌属或克雷伯菌属的标本比例明显低于1980年。医院和社区的标本都是如此。产生铜绿假单胞菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的标本比例有所增加。还注意到尿路病原体的抗菌药物敏感性有显著变化。特别是1990年社区分离株中对头孢噻吩敏感的比例更高，而对萘啶酸和庆大霉素敏感的分离株更少。1990年医院分离株中对氨苄西林、头孢噻吩和甲氧苄啶敏感的比例更高，而对庆大霉素敏感的分离株更少。关于呋喃妥因，未发现显著变化。对于社区和医院分离株，氧氟沙星、阿莫西林克拉维酸（1980年不可用）和庆大霉素是最具持续活性的药物。
