Ostwald P F, Baron B C, Byl N M, Wilson F R
Health Program for Performing Artists, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco.
West J Med. 1994 Jan;160(1):48-52.
Arts medicine has come of age, resulting from 3 important developments over the past decade: improved methods of diagnosis and treatment, an awareness that artists suffer from special problems related to their occupation and lifestyle, and the establishment of health programs emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to these patients. We focus on the patterns of illness afflicting performing artists, specifically dancers, singers, actors, and instrumental musicians, and explain some of the things a health care team can do in treating these patients. The conditions governing these patients' lives--early exposure to high expectations of excellence, incessant demands for perfection, long periods of intense practicing, fierce competition, high levels of anxiety associated with performance, and uncertain careers--need to be understood. Levels of disease and disability are remarkably high, but artists often ignore symptoms. We discuss the musculoskeletal, neurologic, vocal, psychological, and other syndromes found among performers and some of the difficulties in treating them. The prevention of injury, conservative management, collaboration with teachers, and a psychotherapeutic approach are desirable. Arts medicine programs for professional consultation exist in several major cities of the United States and abroad. Although research is needed regarding the effectiveness of health care services for performing artists, the scientific literature devoted to this field is growing.
艺术医学已经成熟，这得益于过去十年的三项重要发展：诊断和治疗方法的改进、意识到艺术家们患有与他们的职业和生活方式相关的特殊问题，以及建立了强调针对这些患者采取跨学科方法的健康项目。我们关注困扰表演艺术家，特别是舞者、歌手、演员和器乐演奏家的疾病模式，并解释医疗团队在治疗这些患者时可以采取的一些措施。需要了解支配这些患者生活的条件——早年就面临对卓越的高期望、对完美的不断要求、长时间的高强度练习、激烈的竞争、与表演相关的高度焦虑以及不稳定的职业生涯。疾病和残疾的程度非常高，但艺术家们常常忽视症状。我们讨论了在表演者中发现的肌肉骨骼、神经、嗓音、心理和其他综合征，以及治疗这些综合征的一些困难。预防损伤、保守治疗、与教师合作以及采用心理治疗方法是可取的。美国和国外的几个主要城市都设有艺术医学专业咨询项目。尽管需要对表演艺术家的医疗服务效果进行研究，但专门针对这一领域的科学文献正在不断增加。
