Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012 Aug;85(6):639-49. doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0710-z. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
To investigate psychosocial work environment and stress in Danish symphony orchestra musicians.
This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of psychosocial work factors and stress symptoms among 441 musicians in six Danish symphony orchestras. The response rate was 78% (n = 342). The questions were from COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire). Mean values of 19 COPSOQ-scales were compared by gender and instrument group. The results for the musicians were compared with results for the general Danish work force (COPSOQ database).
Female musicians reported higher work demands and higher stress symptoms than their male colleagues. Between instrument groups, 2nd violinists seemed to be of particular risk compared with the other instrumental groups in aspects of work pace, work organization, and content, whereas 1st violinists perceived higher emotional stress compared with 2nd violinists. The musicians' experience of increased work demands as well as deteriorated, work organization and job content, interpersonal relations and leadership, and work-individual interface was significantly associated with increasing stress symptoms. Compared to the general workforce independently of gender, Danish symphony orchestra musicians reported higher emotional demands, lower influence, lower social support, lower sense of community, and lower job satisfaction. However, the musicians reported a higher commitment to the workplace.
The findings indicate a more demanding psychosocial work environment exposure among symphony orchestra musicians than among Danish workers in general. Critical results are the relatively high work demands, low influence, and low social support, females being of higher risk than males.
调查丹麦交响乐团音乐家的社会心理工作环境和压力。
这是一项针对丹麦六个交响乐团 441 名音乐家的社会心理工作因素和压力症状的横断面问卷调查。回复率为 78%（n=342）。问题来自 COPSOQ（哥本哈根心理社会问卷）。通过性别和乐器组比较了 19 个 COPSOQ 量表的平均值。将音乐家的结果与丹麦普通劳动力（COPSOQ 数据库）的结果进行比较。
女性音乐家报告的工作需求和压力症状高于男性同事。在乐器组之间，与其他乐器组相比，第二小提琴手在工作节奏、工作组织和内容方面似乎面临特殊风险，而第一小提琴手与第二小提琴手相比，情绪压力更高。音乐家对工作需求增加、工作组织和工作内容恶化、人际关系和领导、工作与个人界面的体验与压力症状的增加显著相关。与一般劳动力（无论性别）相比，丹麦交响乐团的音乐家报告说情绪需求更高、影响力更低、社会支持更低、社区感更低、工作满意度更低。然而，音乐家对工作场所的承诺度更高。
研究结果表明，交响乐团音乐家的社会心理工作环境比丹麦普通工人更具挑战性。关键结果是工作需求相对较高、影响力较低、社会支持较低，女性比男性面临更高的风险。
