黑人和白人青少年的烟草使用情况：自我报告的有效性。
Tobacco use by black and white adolescents: the validity of self-reports.
作者信息
Bauman K E, Ennett S E
机构信息
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):394-8. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.3.394.
OBJECTIVES
Previous studies concluded that Black adolescents use tobacco and other drugs less than White adolescents. The Black-White differences typically were attributed to variations in background and life-style. The objective of the research reported in this paper was to determine whether the presumed difference in tobacco use is due to Black-White differences in the validity of self-reports.
METHODS
We used biochemical measures to compare the validity of self-reports of tobacco use by 1823 Black and White adolescents and to assess the contribution of variation in validity to Black-White differences in reported tobacco use.
RESULTS
The sensitivity of Blacks' reports was significantly less than the sensitivity of Whites' reports. The specificity of Whites' reports was significantly less than the specificity of Blacks' reports. Much of the Black-White differences in reports of cigarette smoking and tobacco use were due to Black-White differences in validity.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies of Black-White differences should adjust for the invalidity of reports or acknowledge that much of the difference may be due to measurement error.
目的
以往研究得出结论，黑人青少年使用烟草和其他毒品的情况少于白人青少年。黑人与白人之间的差异通常归因于背景和生活方式的不同。本文所报告研究的目的是确定假定的烟草使用差异是否源于黑人和白人在自我报告有效性方面的差异。
方法
我们采用生化检测方法，比较1823名黑人和白人青少年烟草使用自我报告的有效性，并评估有效性差异对所报告的黑人和白人烟草使用差异的影响。
结果
黑人报告的敏感性显著低于白人报告的敏感性。白人报告的特异性显著低于黑人报告的特异性。吸烟和烟草使用报告中黑人和白人之间的许多差异是由于有效性方面的黑人和白人差异。
结论
关于黑人和白人差异的研究应针对报告的无效性进行调整，或者承认大部分差异可能是由于测量误差。
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