Wills T A, Cleary S D
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1997 Jan;87(1):56-61. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.1.56.
This research compared the validity of self-reports of cigarette smoking for African-American, Hispanic, and White respondents. Previous research has raised a question about the validity of self-report for African Americans.
A self-report of cigarette smoking was obtained together with a measure of carbon monoxide from expired air. Convergence between self-reported smoking and the biochemical measure was analyzed separately for three ethnic groups at 7th grade, 8th grade, 9th grade, and 10th grade.
Analyses indicated that the validity of self-reports of smoking was generally comparable across ethnic groups. Sensitivity and specificity were comparable with data reported in recent meta-analyses. Though sensitivity was slightly lower for minority adolescents than for White adolescents, prevalence rates corrected for group differences in sensitivity showed significantly lower smoking rates for African-American and Hispanic adolescents than for White adolescents.
The lower smoking rates reported for African-American adolescents are real and are not substantially a consequence of reporting artifacts.
本研究比较了非裔美国人、西班牙裔和白人受访者吸烟自我报告的有效性。先前的研究对非裔美国人自我报告的有效性提出了质疑。
获取吸烟的自我报告以及呼出气体中一氧化碳的测量值。分别对三个种族群体在七年级、八年级、九年级和十年级时自我报告的吸烟情况与生化测量结果之间的一致性进行分析。
分析表明，各民族群体吸烟自我报告的有效性总体相当。敏感性和特异性与近期荟萃分析报告的数据相当。尽管少数族裔青少年的敏感性略低于白人青少年，但针对敏感性的群体差异进行校正后的患病率显示，非裔美国人和西班牙裔青少年的吸烟率显著低于白人青少年。
非裔美国青少年报告的较低吸烟率是真实的，并非主要是报告偏差的结果。
