Pechacek T F, Murray D M, Luepker R V, Mittelmark M B, Johnson C A, Shutz J M
J Behav Med. 1984 Mar;7(1):123-40. doi: 10.1007/BF00845351.
The initiation of cigarette smoking among adolescents is a health problem which has been the subject of discussion and study for many years. The evaluation of strategies to deter the adoption of smoking has long been hampered by the problems of measuring adolescent smoking behavior. Recently, interest has increased in biochemical measures of smoking under the assumption that they are more objective measures. The validity of this assumption is addressed for several ages of adolescents. This paper presents saliva thiocyanate levels, expired air carbon monoxide levels, and smoking self-reports from a sample of 2200 junior and senior high-school students. Interrelationships among the biochemical and behavioral measures are strong among the total population, ranging from 0.48 to 0.95 (Pearson r) but are much weaker at the younger age levels. Normative levels of carbon monoxide and saliva thiocyanate are presented by age (11-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years old). These data indicate that habitual smoking appears to develop in a gradual fashion and that several years may pass between initial experimentation and adult levels of smoking. Younger students consistently display lower levels of thiocyanate and carbon monoxide than older students of the same self-reported levels of smoking, suggesting that inhalation patterns may vary as a function of age or years smoking.
青少年开始吸烟是一个多年来一直备受讨论和研究的健康问题。长期以来，由于测量青少年吸烟行为存在问题，对阻止吸烟行为策略的评估一直受到阻碍。最近，在假定生化测量方法更为客观的情况下，人们对吸烟的生化测量方法的兴趣有所增加。本文针对几个年龄段的青少年探讨了这一假设的有效性。本文展示了来自2200名初中生和高中生样本的唾液硫氰酸盐水平、呼出气体一氧化碳水平以及吸烟自我报告。在全体人群中，生化测量和行为测量之间的相互关系很强，皮尔逊相关系数（Pearson r）在0.48至0.95之间，但在较年轻年龄段则弱得多。本文按年龄（11 - 13岁、14 - 15岁和16 - 17岁）给出了一氧化碳和唾液硫氰酸盐的标准水平。这些数据表明，习惯性吸烟似乎是逐渐形成的，从最初尝试吸烟到达到成年人吸烟水平可能需要数年时间。在自我报告吸烟水平相同的情况下，较年轻的学生硫氰酸盐和一氧化碳水平始终低于年龄较大的学生，这表明吸入模式可能因年龄或吸烟年限而异。
