Haycock G B
Department of Paediatrics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1993 Dec;7(6):871-5. doi: 10.1007/BF01213376.
Sodium (Na) is an important growth factor, stimulating cell proliferation and protein synthesis and increasing cell mass. Sodium chloride (NaCl) deprivation inhibits growth, as reflected by reduced body and brain weight, length, muscle and brain protein and RNA content and brain lipid content compared with controls. This is not due to deficiency of other nutrients since control and experimental diets were identical except for NaCl content. Subsequent NaCl supplementation restores growth velocity to control values but does not induce "catch-up" growth. In humans, salt loss causes growth failure and subsequent salt repletion improves growth. Preterm infants < 32 weeks' gestation at birth are renal salt losers in the first 2 weeks of post-natal life and are vulnerable to hyponatraemia. This can be prevented by increasing Na intake, which also produces accelerated weight gain that persists beyond the period of supplementation. Early nutrition in preterm infants can affect subsequent growth and also cognitive function: this is probably multifactorial, but NaCl intake differed substantially between study groups and is likely to be an important factor. The mechanism whereby Na promotes cell growth is not understood, but stimulation of the membrane Na+,H(+)-antiporter with alkalinization of the cell interior is a likely possibility.
钠（Na）是一种重要的生长因子，可刺激细胞增殖和蛋白质合成，并增加细胞质量。与对照组相比，氯化钠（NaCl）缺乏会抑制生长，表现为体重、脑重、体长、肌肉和脑蛋白及RNA含量以及脑脂质含量降低。这并非由于其他营养素缺乏，因为除NaCl含量外，对照饮食和实验饮食相同。随后补充NaCl可使生长速度恢复到对照值，但不会诱导“追赶性”生长。在人类中，盐分流失会导致生长发育迟缓，随后补充盐分可促进生长。出生时孕周小于32周的早产儿在出生后的头两周是肾脏失盐者，易发生低钠血症。增加钠摄入量可预防这种情况，这也会使体重加速增加，且在补充期过后仍持续。早产儿的早期营养会影响其后续生长以及认知功能：这可能是多因素的，但研究组之间的NaCl摄入量差异很大，很可能是一个重要因素。钠促进细胞生长的机制尚不清楚，但刺激膜上的Na +，H（+）-反向转运体并使细胞内碱化可能是一种可能性。
