Sato A, Sato Y, Suzuki A, Uchida S
Department of Autonomic Nervous System, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
Neurosci Res. 1993 Oct;18(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/0168-0102(93)90105-y.
The effects of acupuncture-like stimulation of the various segmental areas on gastric motility were examined in anesthetized rats. An acupuncture needle (diameter 340 microns) was inserted into the skin and underlying muscles at a depth of 4-5 mm and was twisted right and left once every second for 60 s. Gastric motility in the pyloric region was measured with the balloon method. Gastric motility was inhibited by acupuncture-like stimulation applied to the abdomen and lower chest region, and was often excited when the limbs were stimulated, in all cases in which stimuli were delivered to the skin and muscles, the skin alone, and the underlying muscles alone. The inhibitory gastric response to abdominal stimulation was accompanied by an increase in the activity of the gastric sympathetic efferent nerve and was abolished by severance of either the sympathetic nerve branches to the stomach or the lower thoracic spinal nerves. The abdominal stimulation enhanced the activity of the lower thoracic spinal afferent nerves. The excitatory gastric response to hindpaw stimulation was accompanied by an increase in the activity of the gastric vagal efferent nerve and was abolished by severance of either the bilateral vagi or the femoral and sciatic nerves. The hindpaw stimulation enhanced the activity of the femoral and sciatic afferent nerves. In the spinalized animals, the inhibitory gastric response elicited by abdominal stimulation was present, and the hindpaw stimulation did not produce any gastric response. We conclude that the inhibitory gastric response elicited by acupuncture-like stimulation of the abdomen is a reflex response. Its afferent nerve pathway is composed of abdominal cutaneous and muscle afferent nerves, the efferent nerve pathway is the gastric sympathetic nerve, and its reflex center is within the spinal cord. The excitatory gastric response elicited by acupuncture-like stimulation of a hindpaw is also a reflex response. Its afferent nerve pathway is composed of hindpaw cutaneous and muscle afferent nerves, the efferent nerve pathway is the gastric vagal efferent nerve, and its reflex center requires the presence of the brain. Furthermore, the excitatory and the inhibitory gastric reflex responses were not influenced by i.v. administration of naloxone (0.4-4 mg/kg), suggesting that endogenous opioids are not involved in the present reflexes.
在麻醉大鼠中研究了针刺样刺激不同节段区域对胃动力的影响。将一根针灸针（直径340微米）插入皮肤及皮下肌肉，深度为4 - 5毫米，每秒左右捻转一次，持续60秒。采用气囊法测量幽门区域的胃动力。针刺样刺激腹部和下胸部区域可抑制胃动力，而刺激四肢时胃动力常被兴奋，在所有将刺激施加于皮肤和肌肉、仅皮肤以及仅皮下肌肉的情况下均如此。腹部刺激引起的胃抑制反应伴随着胃交感传出神经活动增加，切断支配胃的交感神经分支或下胸段脊神经后该反应消失。腹部刺激增强了下胸段脊髓传入神经的活动。后爪刺激引起的胃兴奋反应伴随着胃迷走传出神经活动增加，切断双侧迷走神经或股神经和坐骨神经后该反应消失。后爪刺激增强了股神经和坐骨神经的活动。在脊髓横断的动物中，腹部刺激引起的胃抑制反应仍然存在，而后爪刺激未产生任何胃反应。我们得出结论，针刺样刺激腹部引起的胃抑制反应是一种反射反应。其传入神经通路由腹部皮肤和肌肉传入神经组成，传出神经通路是胃交感神经，其反射中枢在脊髓内。针刺样刺激后爪引起的胃兴奋反应也是一种反射反应。其传入神经通路由后爪皮肤和肌肉传入神经组成，传出神经通路是胃迷走传出神经，其反射中枢需要脑的存在。此外，静脉注射纳洛酮（0.4 - 4毫克/千克）不影响胃兴奋和抑制反射反应，表明内源性阿片类物质不参与当前的反射。
