Kraus A S, Spasoff R A, Beattie E J, Holden D E, Lawson J S, Rodenburg M, Woodcock G M
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1976 Mar;24(3):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1976.tb04282.x.
As part of a study of long-term institutional care of the elderly, this report presents a comparison of the characteristics, health problems, and state of mind of 193 elderly applicants for such care (Group A) with those of 141 elderly persons living independently in the community (Group I). Group A members were older, living with a spouse less often, and had low incomes. They showed much more cerebrovascular disease, incontinence, recent loss of independence in the activities of daily living, dementia, recent hospitalization, loneliness, and depression. They had had much less recent involvement in social and recreational activities, although most had not been socially isolated. They had received more extensive help from relatives and friends, and it seemed unlikely that additional help from these sources would keep many more of these elderly persons out of institutions. Community agencies and services had been used by a relatively low proportion of Group A, and hardly at all by Group I.
作为一项针对老年人长期机构照料的研究的一部分，本报告对193名申请此类照料的老年申请人（A组）与141名独立生活在社区中的老年人（I组）的特征、健康问题及心理状态进行了比较。A组成员年龄更大，与配偶同住的比例更低，且收入较低。他们患有更多的脑血管疾病、大小便失禁、近期在日常生活活动中失去自理能力、痴呆、近期住院、孤独和抑郁。他们近期参与社交和娱乐活动的程度要低得多，尽管大多数人并未与社会隔绝。他们从亲戚和朋友那里得到了更多广泛的帮助，而且这些来源的额外帮助似乎不太可能使更多此类老年人不进入机构。A组中相对较低比例的人使用了社区机构和服务，而I组几乎完全没有使用。
