Black P H
Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jan;38(1):1-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.38.1.1.
Psychoneuroimmunology is a relatively new discipline which deals with CNS-immune system interactions. The evidence for such interactions was reviewed, as was the neuroendocrinologic response to stress. Recent evidence indicates that the behavioral, nervous system, and neuroendocrine responses to stress are mediated by hypothalamic CRF, which acts on both the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis, resulting in increased levels of corticosteroids, catecholamines, and certain opiates, substances which are generally immunosuppressive. Concentrations of growth hormone and prolactin, which are immunoenhancing, are elevated early during the response to stress but are later suppressed. Although several other neuromediators may also be released with stress, the net effect of a variety of acute stressors is down regulation of the immune system function. In the following minireview, I consider whether stress alters the resistance of the host to infection as well as the immunomodulatory effects of released immune system mediators on the brain.
心理神经免疫学是一门相对较新的学科，研究中枢神经系统与免疫系统的相互作用。本文回顾了这种相互作用的证据，以及对压力的神经内分泌反应。最近的证据表明，对压力的行为、神经系统和神经内分泌反应是由下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）介导的，它作用于交感神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴，导致皮质类固醇、儿茶酚胺和某些阿片类物质水平升高，这些物质通常具有免疫抑制作用。具有免疫增强作用的生长激素和催乳素的浓度在应激反应早期升高，但随后受到抑制。虽然其他几种神经介质也可能在应激时释放，但各种急性应激源的净效应是免疫系统功能的下调。在接下来的小型综述中，我将探讨压力是否会改变宿主对感染的抵抗力，以及释放的免疫系统介质对大脑的免疫调节作用。
