Brewaeys A, Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I, Van Steirteghem A C, Devroey P
Department of Psychology, Free University, Brussels, Belgium.
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;14 Suppl:23-35.
This study compared two groups of homosexual and heterosexual parents with respect to their attitudes towards the donor-origin of their children. All couples had applied at the Fertility Clinic for artificial insemination with anonymous donor sperm (AID). Both groups had used anonymous donors in order to conceive. However, the sexual orientation of the parents and the presence or absence of a social father was different in the two groups. By comparing such different families it was hoped to obtain insight into those factors which influence parents' attitudes concerning donor insemination. Twenty-five lesbian and 25 heterosexual parents were interviewed. The open-ended questionnaires solicited information on the following issues: attitudes towards secrecy/disclosure of the use of a donor, views on anonymity/identity registration of the donor, parents' cognitive and emotional representation of the donor. Response rates differed between the groups: all homosexual parents consented to the interview and 44% of the heterosexual parents did so. Parents' attitudes depended on several variables. The different family structures were related to different motivations for AID treatment. For heterosexual couples, the use of a donor offered them the opportunity to become a 'normal family'. For homosexual couples, creating a two-mother family unit meant going one step further in 'being different'. Attitudes towards the use of a donor were consequently different: heterosexual couples chose secrecy and donor anonymity. Homosexual parents intended to inform their children. Of these homosexual parents, 40% would prefer the identity of the donor to be registered. This evolution towards removal of the anonymity seemed to be encouraged by the openness surrounding the use of a donor itself. In both groups it remained difficult to reduce the donor to an anonymous sperm cell, fantasies and questions about the donor continued to exist over the years.
本研究比较了两组同性恋父母和异性恋父母对其子女供体来源的态度。所有夫妇均在生育诊所申请了使用匿名供体精子的人工授精（AID）。两组均使用匿名供体来受孕。然而，两组父母的性取向以及是否存在社会意义上的父亲有所不同。通过比较这些不同的家庭，希望能深入了解那些影响父母对供体授精态度的因素。研究人员对25位女同性恋父母和25位异性恋父母进行了访谈。开放式问卷就以下问题征求了信息：对供体使用的保密/公开的态度、对供体匿名/身份登记的看法、父母对供体的认知和情感表征。两组的回应率有所不同：所有同性恋父母都同意接受访谈，而44%的异性恋父母同意接受访谈。父母的态度取决于几个变量。不同的家庭结构与AID治疗的不同动机相关。对于异性恋夫妇而言，使用供体为他们提供了成为“正常家庭”的机会。对于同性恋夫妇来说，组建一个双母家庭单元意味着在“与众不同”的道路上更进一步。因此，对使用供体的态度也不同：异性恋夫妇选择保密和供体匿名。同性恋父母打算告知他们的孩子。在这些同性恋父母中，40%希望登记供体的身份。这种去除匿名性的演变似乎受到供体使用本身的开放性的鼓励。在两组中，将供体简化为一个匿名的精子细胞仍然很困难，多年来关于供体的幻想和疑问依然存在。
