Adams D B, Cowan C W, Marshall M E, Stark J
Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459-0408.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Feb;55(2):247-54. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90130-9.
Two types of fighting (offense) were compared and contrasted in three experiments on the laboratory rat. In Experiment 1, competitive fighting was obtained in pairs of hungry cagemates by placing one food pellet into their food hopper. In Experiment 2, territorial fighting was obtained by introducing an unfamiliar intruder into the home cage of a male and female pair. Both types of fighting had the same motor patterns. Whereas territorial fighting is strongest against intruders of the same sex, competitive fighting is stronger against the smaller opponent (in this case female) regardless of the sex of the test animal. Whereas territorial fighting is stronger in males, competitive fighting is stronger in females. Whereas gonadectomy reduces territorial fighting in males but not females, it reduces competitive fighting in both sexes. In experiment three, it was shown that food deprivation increases competitive fighting, while it reduces territorial fighting. On the basis of these findings a revised model of the organization of the offense motivational system is proposed.
在对实验大鼠进行的三项实验中，对两种战斗类型（攻击行为）进行了比较和对比。在实验1中，通过在一对饥饿的同笼伙伴的食槽中放入一粒食物颗粒，引发了竞争性战斗。在实验2中，通过将一只陌生入侵者引入一对雌雄大鼠的笼舍，引发了领地性战斗。两种战斗类型具有相同的运动模式。领地性战斗对同性入侵者最为激烈，而竞争性战斗对较小的对手（在这种情况下为雌性）更为激烈，无论测试动物的性别如何。领地性战斗在雄性中更为激烈，而竞争性战斗在雌性中更为激烈。去势会减少雄性的领地性战斗，但不会减少雌性的领地性战斗，而它会减少两性的竞争性战斗。在实验3中，结果表明饥饿会增加竞争性战斗，同时减少领地性战斗。基于这些发现，提出了一种攻击动机系统组织的修订模型。
