Raźniewska G, Trzcinka-Ochocka M
Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
Med Pr. 1993;44(6 Suppl 1):127-43.
The assessment of health effects of lead exposure is based on the determination of lead blood concentrations. The correctness of predicting these effects depends on the reliability of determination results. The latter can be confirmed only if the laboratory participates in the quality assurance programme for chemical analyses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the systems in use for quality control, methods of determining lead blood concentration and the results of a project on quality control for lead determination in Poland (project coordinated by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland). The paper discusses the principles of the quality assurance programme implemented in Poland, elements of good laboratory practice with respect to blood sampling, analytical equipment and the use of flameless AAS for determining lead blood concentration. The quality assurance programme for lead determinations covers nine laboratories. The initial stage of its implementation revealed that only 50% of the determinations were correct. Consequently, a series of audits was made at the laboratories and some training provided for the staff. The last round indicated an increase in the percentage of correct results of up to 80%. Proper performance of lead determinations carried out routinely for the assessment of industrial exposure to lead is of extreme importance in view of the fact that lead determinations in blood are planned to be made compulsory and to replace urinary determinations of the metal.
铅暴露对健康影响的评估基于血铅浓度的测定。预测这些影响的正确性取决于测定结果的可靠性。只有实验室参与化学分析质量保证计划，才能确认后者。本研究的目的是调查波兰使用的质量控制体系、血铅浓度测定方法以及波兰铅测定质量控制项目（由波兰罗兹诺费职业医学研究所协调的项目）的结果。本文讨论了波兰实施的质量保证计划的原则、血液采样、分析设备方面的良好实验室规范要素以及使用无火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血铅浓度。铅测定质量保证计划涵盖九个实验室。实施初期发现只有50%的测定是正确的。因此，对各实验室进行了一系列审核，并为工作人员提供了一些培训。最后一轮显示正确结果的百分比提高到了80%。鉴于血铅测定计划将成为强制性要求并取代尿铅测定，常规进行的用于评估职业性铅暴露的铅测定的正确执行极为重要。
