Sunderman F W
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington 06030.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19 Suppl 1:34-8.
The literature since 1985 on the biological monitoring of occupational, environmental, or iatrogenic exposures of humans to nickel is surveyed from the author's perspective. Urine and serum are the body fluids commonly analyzed for nickel. Nickel concentrations in urine specimens from unexposed persons usually exceed the current analytical detection limits, while nickel concentrations in their serum specimens are close to the detection limits. For this reason, and because urine collection is painless, noninvasive, and convenient, urine is more practical than serum for the biological monitoring of nickel-exposed workers. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction is currently the method of choice for the analysis of nickel in biological materials. Procedures for quality assurance and strategies for biological monitoring are summarized, as performed in the author's laboratory, and current reference values are listed for nickel concentrations in urine and serum specimens from healthy unexposed persons.
本文从作者的视角对1985年以来有关人类职业性、环境性或医源性镍暴露生物监测的文献进行了综述。尿液和血清是常用于分析镍的体液。未接触镍人群尿液样本中的镍浓度通常超过当前的分析检测限，而其血清样本中的镍浓度接近检测限。因此，由于尿液采集无痛、无创且方便，对于镍暴露工人的生物监测而言，尿液比血清更具实用性。采用塞曼背景校正的电热原子吸收光谱法是目前生物材料中镍分析的首选方法。总结了作者实验室所执行的质量保证程序和生物监测策略，并列出了健康未接触镍人群尿液和血清样本中镍浓度的当前参考值。
