Nieman D C
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Feb;26(2):128-39. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199402000-00002.
The relationship between exercise and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) may be modeled in the form of a "J" curve. Various epidemiological studies suggest that unusually heavy acute or chronic exercise is associated with an increased risk of URTI. The risk appears to be especially high during the one or 2-wk period following marathon-type race events. Among runners varying widely in training habits, the risk for URTI is slightly elevated for the highest distance runners, but only when several confounding factors are controlled for. Two randomized experimental trials using small numbers of subjects have provided important preliminary data in support of the viewpoint that moderate physical activity may reduce URTI symptomatology. Clinical data support the concept that heavy exertion increases the athlete's risk of URTI because of negative changes in immune function and elevation of the stress hormones, epinephrine, and cortisol. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that moderate amounts of exercise may decrease one's risk of URTI through favorable changes in immune function without the negative attending effects of the stress hormones.
运动与上呼吸道感染（URTI）之间的关系可能呈“J”曲线形式。各种流行病学研究表明，异常剧烈的急性或慢性运动与URTI风险增加有关。在马拉松式赛事后的1至2周内，这种风险似乎尤其高。在训练习惯差异很大的跑步者中，长跑距离最长的跑步者患URTI的风险略有升高，但只有在控制了几个混杂因素后才会如此。两项使用少量受试者的随机实验试验提供了重要的初步数据，支持适度体育活动可能减轻URTI症状的观点。临床数据支持这样的概念，即剧烈运动由于免疫功能的负面变化以及应激激素肾上腺素和皮质醇的升高，会增加运动员患URTI的风险。另一方面，越来越多的证据表明，适量运动可能通过免疫功能的有利变化降低患URTI的风险，而不会产生应激激素的负面伴随效应。
