Baumeister R F, Stillwell A M, Heatherton T F
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Psychol Bull. 1994 Mar;115(2):243-67. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.243.
Multiple sets of empirical research findings on guilt are reviewed to evaluate the view that guilt should be understood as an essentially social phenomenon that happens between people as much as it happens inside them. Guilt appears to arise from interpersonal transactions (including transgressions and positive inequities) and to vary significantly with the interpersonal context. In particular, guilt patterns appear to be strongest, most common, and most consistent in the context of communal relationships, which are characterized by expectations of mutual concern. Guilt serves various relationship-enhancing functions, including motivating people to treat partners well and avoid transgressions, minimizing inequities and enabling less powerful partners to get their way, and redistributing emotional distress.
本文回顾了多组关于内疚感的实证研究结果，以评估一种观点，即内疚感应被理解为一种本质上的社会现象，它既发生在人与人之间，也发生在个体内心。内疚感似乎源于人际互动（包括违规行为和积极的不公平现象），并随人际背景的不同而有显著差异。特别是，在内群体关系背景下，内疚模式似乎最为强烈、普遍和一致，这种关系的特点是相互关心的期望。内疚感具有多种增进关系的功能，包括促使人们善待伴侣并避免违规行为、减少不公平现象并使权力较小的伴侣能够如愿以偿，以及重新分配情绪困扰。
