Newcomb P A, Lantz P M
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison 53706.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1993 Nov;28(2):97-106. doi: 10.1007/BF00666422.
The recent trends in mammography, and in breast cancer incidence and mortality, demonstrate the impact of an effective cancer control effort. The number of women over age 40 years who have ever had mammography has increased over 200% since 1980. Concomitantly, breast cancer incidence has increased about 32%, with nearly all of the increase in early stage disease. Analytic studies of these changes have demonstrated persuasively that the vast majority of this increase is temporary and is attributable to the lead-time afforded by mammography. As a result of this early detection and treatment of breast cancer, mortality has begun to decline in 1991-92. Although the search for practical preventive measures should continue, the benefits of early detection can be realized now. Further research is needed to define age groups most appropriately screened and the optimum intervals for screening.
乳房X光检查的近期趋势，以及乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率，都证明了有效的癌症控制措施所产生的影响。自1980年以来，40岁以上曾经接受过乳房X光检查的女性人数增加了200%以上。与此同时，乳腺癌发病率上升了约32%，几乎所有的增长都集中在早期疾病。对这些变化的分析研究有力地表明，这种增长的绝大多数是暂时的，并且归因于乳房X光检查所带来的提前期。由于乳腺癌的早期发现和治疗，死亡率在1991 - 1992年开始下降。虽然应该继续寻找切实可行的预防措施，但现在就可以实现早期发现的益处。还需要进一步研究来确定最适合筛查的年龄组以及最佳筛查间隔。
