Schumacher M J, Tveten M S, Egen N B
Steele Memorial Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994 May;93(5):831-5. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90373-5.
To determine the rate and completeness of delivery of venom from honeybee stings, European bees were collected at the entrance of a hive and studied with the use of two laboratory models. In one model bees were induced to sting the shaved skin of anesthetized rabbits. The stings were removed from the skin at various time intervals after autotomization, and residual venom was assayed with a hemolytic method. In the other model the bees were induced to sting preweighed filter paper disks, which were weighed again after removal of the sting at various intervals. Results of both experiments were in agreement, showing that at least 90% of the venom sac contents were delivered within 20 seconds and that venom delivery was complete within 1 minute. The data suggest that a bee sting must be removed within a few seconds after autotomization to prevent anaphylaxis in an allergic person. The extensive variation found in the amount of venom delivered at each time point may explain inconsistencies in relationships among reactions to field stings, sting challenge testing, venom skin tests and RAST.
为了确定蜜蜂蛰刺时毒液释放的速率和完整性，在蜂巢入口处收集欧洲蜜蜂，并使用两种实验室模型进行研究。在一种模型中，诱导蜜蜂蛰刺麻醉兔子的剃毛皮肤。在蛰刺自割后不同时间间隔从皮肤移除蛰刺，并用溶血法测定残留毒液。在另一种模型中，诱导蜜蜂蛰刺预先称重的滤纸圆盘，在不同时间间隔移除蛰刺后再次称重。两个实验的结果一致，表明至少90%的毒囊内容物在20秒内释放，毒液释放1分钟内完成。数据表明，在自割后几秒内必须移除蜜蜂蛰刺，以防止过敏者发生过敏反应。在每个时间点释放的毒液量中发现的广泛差异可能解释了野外蛰刺反应、蛰刺激发试验、毒液皮肤试验和放射变应原吸附试验之间关系的不一致性。
