Eisenberg N, Fabes R A, Murphy B, Karbon M, Maszk P, Smith M, O'Boyle C, Suh K
Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Apr;66(4):776-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.4.776.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the prediction of adults' situational and dispositional empathy-related responses from measures of emotionality (emotional intensity and positive and negative affect) and regulation. A multimethod approach including self-reported, facial, and heart rate (HR) responses was used to assess situational vicarious emotional responding; Ss' (and sometimes friends') reports were used to assess the dispositional characteristics. In general, dispositional sympathy, personal distress, and perspective taking exhibited different, conceptually logical patterns of association with indexes of emotionality and regulation. The relations of situational measures of vicarious emotional responding to dispositional emotionality and regulation varied somewhat by type of measure and gender. Findings for facial and HR (for men) measures were primarily for the more evocative empathy-inducing stimulus. In general, the findings provided support for the role of individual differences in emotionality and regulation in empathy-related responding.
本研究的目的是通过情绪性（情绪强度以及积极和消极情绪）和情绪调节的测量方法，来检验对成年人情境性和特质性共情相关反应的预测。采用包括自我报告、面部表情和心率（HR）反应在内的多方法途径来评估情境性替代性情绪反应；通过被试（有时也包括朋友）的报告来评估特质性特征。总体而言，特质性同情、个人痛苦和观点采择与情绪性和情绪调节指标呈现出不同的、概念上符合逻辑的关联模式。情境性替代性情绪反应的测量与特质性情绪性和情绪调节之间的关系，会因测量类型和性别而有所不同。面部表情和心率（针对男性）测量的结果主要针对更能唤起共情的刺激。总体而言，研究结果支持了情绪性和情绪调节方面的个体差异在共情相关反应中的作用。
