The JAND (Judgment About Nursing Decision) as a measure of nurses' perception of moral behaviors.

A comprehensive review of research using the Judgment About Nursing Decisions (JAND) as a measure of nurses' ethical decision making raises numerous concerns about the conceptual basis, reliability, and validity of this widely used instrument. These concerns promoted the present study, which raised specific issues about the JAND. Among these issues are the representatives of ethical dilemmas contained in the JAND, the validity of its scoring scheme, the persistence of low-to-marginal reliability across studies, and questionable validity. Findings from studies using the JAND should be interpreted with caution until the instrument is further refined.