Oyemade U J, Cole O J, Johnson A A, Knight E M, Westney O E, Laryea H, Hill G, Cannon E, Fomufod A, Westney L S
Department of Human Development, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
J Nutr. 1994 Jun;124(6 Suppl):994S-999S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_6.994S.
Subjects in this prospective observational study were 467 nulliparous women, ages 16-35, recruited at the prenatal clinics of a university hospital and a public hospital. Using a purposive sampling approach, and entry questionnaire and a series of psychosocial instruments were administered throughout the pregnancy course to assess stress, anxiety, body image, self-esteem, pregnancy symptoms, locus of control, and partner's interaction. Several pregnancy outcome measures were determined after delivery. Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessments were performed two days after birth of infants delivered to the maternal subjects. Self-reported substance abuse data were obtained from the entry questionnaire and the medical intake records, with usage characterized in terms of occurrence prior to and/or during pregnancy. Illicit drug users during pregnancy had lower self-esteem, greater stress, more pregnancy symptoms, a more negative pre-pregnancy body image and less favorable interactions with their partners. T test results show that infants of smokers had smaller head circumferences, shorter body length, and less optimal Brazelton orientation performance. Infants of illicit drug users had smaller head circumferences and shorter body lengths.
这项前瞻性观察性研究的对象是467名年龄在16至35岁之间的未生育女性，她们是在一家大学医院和一家公立医院的产前诊所招募的。采用立意抽样法，在整个孕期使用一份入院调查问卷和一系列心理社会测量工具来评估压力、焦虑、身体意象、自尊、妊娠症状、控制点和伴侣互动。分娩后确定了几项妊娠结局指标。对分娩给母亲的婴儿在出生两天后进行了布雷泽尔顿新生儿行为评估。自我报告的药物滥用数据来自入院调查问卷和医疗入院记录，用药情况根据怀孕前和/或怀孕期间的发生情况进行描述。孕期使用非法药物的女性自尊较低、压力较大、妊娠症状较多、孕前身体意象较消极，与伴侣的互动也不太融洽。t检验结果显示，吸烟者的婴儿头围较小、身长较短，布雷泽尔顿定向能力表现也较差。使用非法药物者的婴儿头围较小、身长较短。
