Antibiotic-induced diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.

Pseudomembranous colitis is commonly associated with the use of antibiotics but may follow administration of other drugs and has occurred in patients who have not received any medication. Cases related to antibiotic administration are thought to be due to changes in normal intestinal flora that allow overgrowth of Clostridium difficile and elaboration of toxin. Clusters of cases in hospitals suggest nosocomial transmission of the bacteria. The stool cytotoxin assay is the most specific test for pseudomembranous colitis. Oral vancomycin (Vancocin) is preferred for the treatment of severe cases. It is recommended that hospital personnel caring for patients infected with C difficile wear gloves and wash their hands carefully after contact.