Jacobs N F
DeKalb Medical Specialty Center, Decatur, Georgia.
Postgrad Med. 1994 Jun;95(8):111-4, 117-20. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1994.11945865.
Pseudomembranous colitis is commonly associated with the use of antibiotics but may follow administration of other drugs and has occurred in patients who have not received any medication. Cases related to antibiotic administration are thought to be due to changes in normal intestinal flora that allow overgrowth of Clostridium difficile and elaboration of toxin. Clusters of cases in hospitals suggest nosocomial transmission of the bacteria. The stool cytotoxin assay is the most specific test for pseudomembranous colitis. Oral vancomycin (Vancocin) is preferred for the treatment of severe cases. It is recommended that hospital personnel caring for patients infected with C difficile wear gloves and wash their hands carefully after contact.
伪膜性结肠炎通常与抗生素的使用有关，但也可能在使用其他药物后发生，并且在未接受任何药物治疗的患者中也有出现。与抗生素使用相关的病例被认为是由于正常肠道菌群的变化，使得艰难梭菌过度生长并产生毒素。医院内的病例聚集表明该细菌存在医院内传播。粪便细胞毒素检测是伪膜性结肠炎最具特异性的检测方法。对于重症病例，口服万古霉素（稳可信）是首选治疗药物。建议护理感染艰难梭菌患者的医院工作人员佩戴手套，并在接触后仔细洗手。
