Declich S, Carter A O
Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72(2):285-304.
In the last three decades, disease surveillance has grown into a complete discipline, quite distinct from epidemiology. This expansion into a separate scientific area within public health has not been accompanied by parallel growth in the literature about its principles and methods. The development of the fundamental concepts of surveillance systems provides a basis on which to build a better understanding of the subject. In addition, the concepts have practical value as they can be used in designing new systems as well as understanding or evaluating currently operating systems. This article reviews the principles of surveillance, beginning with a historical survey of the roots and evolution of surveillance, and discusses the goals of public health surveillance. Methods for data collection, data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination are presented, together with proposed procedures for evaluating and improving a surveillance system. Finally, some points to be considered in establishing a new surveillance system are presented.
在过去三十年中，疾病监测已发展成为一门完整的学科，与流行病学截然不同。在公共卫生领域扩展为一个独立的科学领域的同时，关于其原理和方法的文献却没有同步增长。监测系统基本概念的发展为更好地理解这一主题奠定了基础。此外，这些概念具有实际价值，因为它们可用于设计新系统以及理解或评估当前运行的系统。本文回顾了监测的原则，首先对监测的起源和演变进行了历史考察，并讨论了公共卫生监测的目标。介绍了数据收集、数据分析、解释和传播的方法，以及评估和改进监测系统的建议程序。最后，提出了建立新监测系统时应考虑的一些要点。
