Hoorweg J, Stanfield J P
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1976 Jun;18(3):330-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1976.tb03656.x.
Three groups of Ugandan children (20 in each group) and one comparison group of 20 children were examined between 11 and 17 years of age. The first three groups had been admitted to hospital for treatment of protein energy malnutrition between the ages of eight to 15, 16 to 21 and 22 to 27 months, respectively. The comparison group had not been clinically malnourished throughout the whole period up to 27 months of age. All the children came from one tribe and were individually matched for sex, age, education and home environment. It was found that the three malnourished groups fell significantly below the comparison group in anthropometric measurements and in tests of intellectual and motor abilities. No evidence was found for a relationship between the deficit and age at admission. Further analysis among the 60 malnourished children revealed that anthropometry and intellectual and motor abilities are the more affected the greater the degree of 'chronic undernutrition' at admission, but no correlation was found with the severity of the 'acute malnutrition'. The results show a general impairment of intellectual abilities, with reasoning and spatial abilities most affected, memory and rote learning intermediately and language ability least, if at all, affected. These findings are discussed in the context of a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the existing literature.
对三组乌干达儿童（每组20名）和一组由20名儿童组成的对照组进行了检查，这些儿童年龄在11至17岁之间。前三组儿童分别在8至15个月、16至21个月和22至27个月时因蛋白质能量营养不良入院治疗。对照组在27个月龄之前的整个时期内均未出现临床营养不良。所有儿童都来自同一个部落，并且在性别、年龄、教育程度和家庭环境方面进行了个体匹配。研究发现，在人体测量以及智力和运动能力测试中，三组营养不良儿童的表现明显低于对照组。未发现缺陷与入院年龄之间存在关联。对60名营养不良儿童的进一步分析表明，入院时“慢性营养不良”程度越高，人体测量、智力和运动能力受影响越大，但与“急性营养不良”的严重程度无关。结果显示智力能力普遍受损，推理和空间能力受影响最大，记忆和死记硬背学习能力受影响程度中等，语言能力受影响最小（若有影响的话）。这些发现是在对现有文献进行全面且批判性评估的背景下进行讨论的。
