Cook C D, Knight S E, Crofton-Briggs I
Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg.
S Afr Med J. 1993 Aug;83(8):590-3.
A survey of the prevalence of blindness and low vision was conducted in the Ingwavuma district of KwaZulu to assess the effectiveness of existing eye care facilities in the prevention and treatment of impaired vision and blindness. One hundred subjects from each of 60 randomly selected clusters (N = 6,090) were screened. Of these, 293 were identified and referred to an ophthalmologist for examination. Of the 268 (91,5%) examined, 241 were found to have visual impairment. Sixty-one of these people were blind, 85 had low vision, 61 were blind in one eye but had normal vision in the other, and 34 had low vision in one eye but normal vision in the other. The prevalence of blindness was 1,0% (95% confidence interval 0,7-1,2%), and the prevalence of impaired vision was 1,4% (95% confidence interval 1,1-1,7%). Age-related cataract (59,0%) and chronic glaucoma (22,9%) were the two main causes of blindness. Age-related cataract (75,3%), refractive error (10,0%) and chronic glaucoma (4,7%) were the main causes of impaired vision. Existing eye care services for the region have reduced the prevalence of blindness by only 7,0%. The training of ophthalmic nurses and the establishment of a sight-saver clinic in the area are necessary to reduce the prevalence of low vision and blindness.
在夸祖鲁的因瓜武马区开展了一项失明和视力低下患病率调查，以评估现有眼保健设施在预防和治疗视力受损及失明方面的成效。从60个随机选取的群组中各抽取100名受试者（N = 6090）进行筛查。其中，293人被识别出来并被转介给眼科医生进行检查。在接受检查的268人（91.5%）中，发现241人有视力障碍。这些人中有61人失明，85人视力低下，61人一只眼睛失明但另一只眼睛视力正常，34人一只眼睛视力低下但另一只眼睛视力正常。失明患病率为1.0%（95%置信区间0.7 - 1.2%），视力受损患病率为1.4%（95%置信区间1.1 - 1.7%）。年龄相关性白内障（59.0%）和慢性青光眼（22.9%）是失明的两个主要原因。年龄相关性白内障（75.3%）、屈光不正（10.0%）和慢性青光眼（4.7%）是视力受损的主要原因。该地区现有的眼保健服务仅使失明患病率降低了7.0%。培训眼科护士并在该地区设立视力保护诊所对于降低视力低下和失明的患病率很有必要。
