Holley A E, Cheeseman K H
Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1993 Jul;49(3):494-505. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072626.
The increasing interest in the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of human disease has led to an increased need for techniques to measure free radicals and their reactions in vivo and, most importantly, in the clinical situation. Free radicals are extremely reactive and thus short lived. Consequently, free radicals are not amenable to direct assay and free radical activity is usually assessed by indirect methods such as measurement of the various end products of reactions with lipids, proteins and DNA. A vast array of analytical techniques has been developed to measure these end products though not all of them are applicable to the clinical situation where the only samples normally available are blood, urine and expired breath. Lipid peroxidation is the most intensively studied process and provides a number of possibilities for assays. Protein and nucleic acid oxidation are attracting increasing attention at the present time. The techniques currently available, however, are limited to semi-quantitative assays of damage to broad classes of biomolecules and there is an urgent need for more specific and informative methods.
人们对自由基在人类疾病发病机制中的作用越来越感兴趣，这导致对测量体内自由基及其反应的技术需求增加，最重要的是，在临床情况下的需求增加。自由基具有极强的反应性，因此寿命很短。因此，自由基不适合直接检测，自由基活性通常通过间接方法评估，例如测量与脂质、蛋白质和DNA反应的各种终产物。已经开发了大量分析技术来测量这些终产物，尽管并非所有技术都适用于临床情况，因为通常可获得的唯一样本是血液、尿液和呼出气体。脂质过氧化是研究最深入的过程，为检测提供了多种可能性。蛋白质和核酸氧化目前正受到越来越多的关注。然而，目前可用的技术仅限于对广泛类别的生物分子损伤的半定量检测，迫切需要更具体、更有信息量的方法。
