Multiple perspectives on family relationships: a latent variables model.

Many scholars are skeptical of family member reports on their interpersonal relationships. Familial reports are assumed to be biased by social desirability as well as other factors. In this study, a latent variables modeling approach was employed to evaluate rater reliability and bias in mother, father, and child ratings of parent-child negativity. Results based on 78 clinical families demonstrate that family member ratings contain a significant "true score" component that correlates with observer ratings of parental behavior. The presence of systematic rater effects is also demonstrated. The latent variables approach, which provides statistical control for rater effects, is recommended for the analysis of this type of data.