Baker-Ward L, Gordon B N, Ornstein P A, Larus D M, Clubb P A
Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7801.
Child Dev. 1993 Oct;64(5):1519-33.
Children at ages 3, 5 and 7 (N = 187) provided reports of their physical examinations immediately following the checkup and after a delay of either 1, 3, or 6 weeks, or only after 3 weeks. The protocol used for all interviews consisted of initial general prompts, followed by increasingly specific questions as needed. Recall of standard features of the examinations was scored, along with responses to questions concerning acts that did not occur. Retention of the event was extensive and accurate. Although clear age effects were observed in recall, the delay interval did not strongly affect performance over the 6-week period. The amount of forgetting was significant at ages 3 and 5, but not at age 7. With increasing age, a greater percentage of the features was spontaneously recalled. When presented with incongruous questions, all children evidenced rates of correct denials that exceeded chance and few errors of commission. The initial interview did not affect delayed recall. Implications for children's testimony are discussed.
3岁、5岁和7岁的儿童（N = 187）在体检后立即、延迟1周、3周或6周后，或仅在3周后提供了他们的体检报告。所有访谈使用的方案包括最初的一般提示，然后根据需要提出越来越具体的问题。对检查的标准特征的回忆进行了评分，同时对关于未发生行为的问题的回答也进行了评分。对该事件的记忆广泛且准确。尽管在回忆中观察到了明显的年龄效应，但延迟间隔在6周内对表现没有强烈影响。3岁和5岁时遗忘量显著，但7岁时不显著。随着年龄的增长，自发回忆的特征比例更高。当被问到不一致的问题时，所有儿童正确否认的比率都超过了随机概率，且很少有错误肯定。最初的访谈不影响延迟回忆。文中讨论了对儿童证词的影响。
