Dickinson M H, Lehmann F O, Götz K G
Max Planck Institut für Biologische Kybernetik, Tübingen, Germany.
J Exp Biol. 1993 Sep;182:173-89. doi: 10.1242/jeb.182.1.173.
This paper investigates the temporal control of a fast wing rotation in flies, the ventral flip, which occurs during the transition from downstroke to upstroke. Tethered flying Drosophila actively modulate the timing of these rapid supinations during yaw responses evoked by an oscillating visual stimulus. The time difference between the two wings is controlled such that the wing on the outside of a fictive turn rotates in advance of its contralateral partner. This modulation of ventral-flip timing between the two wings is strongly coupled with changes in wing-stroke amplitude. Typically, an increase in the stroke amplitude of one wing is correlated with an advance in the timing of the ventral flip of the same wing. However, flies do display a limited ability to control these two behaviors independently, as shown by flight records in which the correlation between ventral-flip timing and stroke amplitude transiently reverses. The control of ventral-flip timing may be part of an unsteady aerodynamic mechanism that enables the fly to alter the magnitude and direction of flight forces during turning maneuvers.
本文研究了果蝇快速翅膀旋转（即腹侧翻转）的时间控制，这种翻转发生在从下拍向上拍的过渡过程中。在由振荡视觉刺激诱发的偏航反应期间，系留飞行的果蝇会主动调节这些快速旋前动作的时间。两只翅膀之间的时间差得到控制，使得虚拟转弯外侧的翅膀比其对侧翅膀提前旋转。两只翅膀之间腹侧翻转时间的这种调节与翅膀冲程幅度的变化密切相关。通常，一只翅膀冲程幅度的增加与同一翅膀腹侧翻转时间的提前相关。然而，正如飞行记录所示，果蝇确实表现出有限的独立控制这两种行为的能力，在这些记录中，腹侧翻转时间与冲程幅度之间的相关性会短暂反转。腹侧翻转时间的控制可能是一种不稳定空气动力学机制的一部分，该机制使果蝇能够在转弯机动过程中改变飞行力的大小和方向。
