Levin E D, Behm F, Carnahan E, LeClair R, Shipley R, Rose J E
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993 Oct;33(3):211-23. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90108-3.
Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke are important for providing smoking satisfaction. In previous studies, we have found that substitution of the sensory cues of smoking with a citric acid aerosol significantly reduces craving for cigarettes and enhances smoking reduction and cessation with people trying to quit smoking cigarettes. In the current study, we conducted two clinical smoking cessation trials using an ascorbic acid aerosol as a sensory substitute. The cigarette substitute consisted of a cigarette-sized tube which delivered a fine aerosol of ascorbic acid (approx. 1 mg/puff, up to a maximum of 300 mg/day). Study 1 examined the overall effectiveness of the ascorbic acid smoking substitute device. One group of subjects which used the device and received clinical counseling was compared with another group which received only clinical counseling. The group using the device showed significantly greater abstinence rates at 3 weeks post-cessation. After the subjects stopped using the device, no difference in abstinence was detected. Study 2 was conducted to focus specifically on the role of tracheobronchial sensations in relieving craving for cigarettes. Two closely matched ascorbic acid delivery systems were compared. One device delivered fine particles of ascorbic acid that were targeted to reach the trachea, while the other delivered coarser particles of ascorbic acid that were not expected to reach the trachea or lower airways. An initial enhancement in smoking reduction was found for subjects using the fine particle device relative to those using the coarse particle device. However, by the end of treatment (5 weeks) both groups showed similar degrees of smoking reduction. For those who were abstinent from smoking at the end of treatment, craving for cigarettes and negative mood were both significantly lower for those using the fine particle device. Also, hunger for food was significantly lower in the fine particle device group. These results suggest that ascorbic acid delivered from a cigarette substitute may be effective in reducing smoking and promoting smoking abstinence.
香烟烟雾的感官特性对于提供吸烟满足感很重要。在先前的研究中，我们发现用柠檬酸气雾剂替代吸烟的感官线索可显著降低对香烟的渴望，并增强试图戒烟者的减少吸烟量和戒烟效果。在当前的研究中，我们进行了两项临床戒烟试验，使用抗坏血酸气雾剂作为感官替代物。香烟替代物由一个香烟大小的管子组成，该管子能喷出抗坏血酸的细微气雾剂（约1毫克/吸，每天最多300毫克）。研究1考察了抗坏血酸吸烟替代装置的总体效果。将一组使用该装置并接受临床咨询的受试者与另一组仅接受临床咨询的受试者进行比较。使用该装置的组在戒烟后3周的戒断率显著更高。受试者停止使用该装置后，未检测到戒断方面的差异。研究2专门聚焦于气管支气管感觉在缓解对香烟渴望中的作用。比较了两种紧密匹配的抗坏血酸输送系统。一种装置喷出的抗坏血酸细颗粒旨在到达气管，而另一种装置喷出的抗坏血酸颗粒较粗，预计不会到达气管或下呼吸道。相对于使用粗颗粒装置的受试者，使用细颗粒装置的受试者在吸烟减少方面有初步增强。然而，到治疗结束时（5周），两组的吸烟减少程度相似。对于治疗结束时已戒烟的人来说，使用细颗粒装置的人对香烟的渴望和负面情绪均显著更低。此外，细颗粒装置组的饥饿感也显著更低。这些结果表明，从香烟替代物中输送的抗坏血酸可能在减少吸烟和促进戒烟方面有效。
