MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Jan 21;43(2):23-6, 31.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia worldwide in children and adults and a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis. In addition, it is the etiology of 30%-50% of episodes of acute otitis media, the most frequent reason for pediatric office visits in the United States (approximately 24.5 million per year). Because sensitive and rapid diagnostic tests are not available, most pneumococcal infections are treated empirically; until recently, penicillin (PCN) and related drugs have been the treatment of choice. However, because of the emergence of infections with drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP), decisions regarding the management of infections caused by this pathogen have become increasingly complicated. This report summarizes results of recent investigations by CDC and state public health officials of DRSP in communities in Kentucky and Tennessee.
肺炎链球菌是全球儿童和成人肺炎最常见的细菌病因，也是败血症和脑膜炎的主要病因。此外，它还是30%-50%急性中耳炎发作的病因，而急性中耳炎是美国儿科门诊最常见的原因（每年约2450万例）。由于缺乏灵敏快速的诊断检测方法，大多数肺炎球菌感染都是经验性治疗；直到最近，青霉素（PCN）及相关药物一直是首选治疗药物。然而，由于耐药肺炎链球菌（DRSP）感染的出现，针对这种病原体引起的感染的管理决策变得越来越复杂。本报告总结了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）以及肯塔基州和田纳西州公共卫生官员近期对肯塔基州和田纳西州社区耐药肺炎链球菌的调查结果。
