Sajid K M, Akhter M, Malik G Q
Atomic Energy Medical Centre, Multan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 1993 Sep;43(9):179-82.
We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.). Mean carbon monoxide fractions (% by volume) of hookah smoke, using domestic charcoal were 0.38 +/- 0.07 (large hookah; unfiltered); 1.40 +/- 0.43 (small hookah; unfiltered); 0.34 +/- 0.06 (large hookah; filtered); 1.36 +/- 0.35 (small hookah; filtered) and 0.41 +/- 0.08 (cigarette smoke). The highest fractions were obtained with small size hookah and increase in size of hookah (i.e., volume of air in water base, fire bowl volume, pipe length, etc.) reduced the CO fraction significantly (P < 0.001). The fractions of cigarette lie between large and small hookah. The fractions vary slightly with different varieties of tobacco, e.g., CO fractions with Dera wala tobacco are significantly low (P < 0.05). Use of commercial charcoal gives significant rise in CO fractions (P < 0.001). Comparison of filtered and unfiltered smoke shows no significant difference in values. We conclude that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking.
我们使用一氧化碳微型吸烟分析仪（型号EC50，英国BEDFONT公司）研究了水烟和香烟烟雾中的一氧化碳（CO）含量。使用国产木炭时，水烟烟雾的平均一氧化碳含量（体积百分比）分别为：0.38±0.07（大型水烟；未过滤）；1.40±0.43（小型水烟；未过滤）；0.34±0.06（大型水烟；过滤）；1.36±0.35（小型水烟；过滤）以及0.41±0.08（香烟烟雾）。小型水烟的一氧化碳含量最高，水烟尺寸增大（即水基中的空气体积、火碗体积、烟管长度等）会显著降低一氧化碳含量（P<0.001）。香烟的一氧化碳含量介于大型和小型水烟之间。一氧化碳含量会因烟草品种的不同而略有变化，例如，使用德拉瓦拉烟草时的一氧化碳含量显著较低（P<0.05）。使用商用木炭会使一氧化碳含量显著升高（P<0.001）。过滤烟雾和未过滤烟雾的比较结果显示，两者的一氧化碳含量值没有显著差异。我们得出结论，水烟吸食造成的一氧化碳危害与香烟吸食一样高。
