Pronk N P
University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
Sports Med. 1993 Dec;16(6):431-48. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199316060-00006.
Lipids and lipoproteins play a major role in the cascade of events leading up to the manifestations of atherosclerosis as it relates to coronary heart disease (CHD). Exercise-induced changes in the blood lipid profile appear to be therapeutic, an observation favouring the integration of exercise in CHD prevention and treatment programmes. The specific stimuli needed to produce such therapeutic effects are yet to be elucidated; both the repeated, transitory effects of single, isolated exercise sessions and exercise training effects are likely to be involved. The focus of this article is on the acute or short term changes of a single session of exercise on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The short term, exercise-induced changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins are reviewed in the context of the role various lipid classifications play in coronary artery disease, the many potentially confounding variables that are ever-present, and the relative effects of gender, exercise modality, and exercise intensity. It is concluded that a single bout of exercise has the potential to induce short term, transient increases in the high density lipoproteins HDL and HDL2 and decreases in triglycerides in men. For women, more research is needed to determine clearly the exercise induced short term changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. It appears that duration and intensity of exercise are directly related to the degree of changes observed: bouts of prolonged, intense exercise of sufficient energy expenditure appear to induce decreases in triglycerides and increases in HDL, primarily through HDL2, of greater magnitude and duration. Exercise induced changes in the plasma lipid profile appear to have returned to pre-exercise levels by 48 hours postexercise. Recognising that the underlying physiological mechanisms for changes in lipids and lipoproteins remain inconclusive, the roles of the lipid-regulatory enzymes lipoprotein lipase, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, and hepatic triglyceride lipase are discussed. It is clear that well controlled studies are needed to examine the effects of exercise on short term changes in the blood lipid profile in women.
脂质和脂蛋白在导致动脉粥样硬化（与冠心病相关）表现的一系列事件中起主要作用。运动引起的血脂谱变化似乎具有治疗作用，这一观察结果支持将运动纳入冠心病预防和治疗方案。产生这种治疗效果所需的具体刺激因素尚待阐明；单次孤立运动的反复、短暂效应以及运动训练效应可能都与之有关。本文的重点是单次运动对血浆脂质和脂蛋白的急性或短期变化。在各种脂质分类在冠状动脉疾病中的作用、始终存在的许多潜在混杂变量以及性别、运动方式和运动强度的相对影响的背景下，综述了运动引起的血浆脂质和脂蛋白的短期变化。结论是，单次运动有可能在男性中引起高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和HDL2的短期、短暂升高以及甘油三酯的降低。对于女性，需要更多研究来明确运动引起的血浆脂质和脂蛋白的短期变化。运动的持续时间和强度似乎与观察到的变化程度直接相关：足够能量消耗的长时间、高强度运动似乎主要通过HDL2引起甘油三酯降低和HDL升高，幅度和持续时间更大。运动引起的血浆脂质谱变化在运动后48小时似乎已恢复到运动前水平。认识到脂质和脂蛋白变化的潜在生理机制仍无定论，讨论了脂质调节酶脂蛋白脂肪酶、卵磷脂：胆固醇酰基转移酶和肝甘油三酯脂肪酶的作用。显然，需要进行严格控制的研究来检查运动对女性血脂谱短期变化的影响。
