Silverstein M, Waite L J
Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California.
J Gerontol. 1993 Jul;48(4):S212-22. doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.4.s212.
Differences in the social support transactions of White and Black adults were investigated using data from the 1987/88 National Survey of Families and Households. Multivariate models were estimated to identify differences between Whites and Blacks in the likelihood that they provided and received instrumental and emotional support. Most importantly, we examined, separately for men and women, variations in Black-White differences from mid-life to old age. Results indicated that, overall, Blacks were no more likely than Whites to provide and receive both types of social support. In fact, Black women were less likely than White women to provide instrumental support to others. However, in old age, Black women were more likely to receive instrumental support and about as likely as White women to provide such support. These findings suggest that when comparing the informal support activities of White and Black adults, race needs to be considered in the context of gender and stage of life.
利用1987/88年全国家庭与住户调查的数据，对成年白人和黑人在社会支持交往方面的差异进行了调查。估计了多变量模型，以确定白人和黑人在提供和接受工具性支持与情感支持的可能性方面的差异。最重要的是，我们分别研究了男性和女性从中年到老年期间黑白差异的变化。结果表明，总体而言，黑人在提供和接受这两种社会支持方面并不比白人更有可能。事实上，黑人女性比白人女性向他人提供工具性支持的可能性更小。然而，在老年时，黑人女性更有可能接受工具性支持，并且在提供此类支持方面与白人女性的可能性相当。这些发现表明，在比较成年白人和黑人的非正式支持活动时，需要在性别和生活阶段的背景下考虑种族因素。
