Wilder M H
Florida State University's Thagard Student and Health Center, Tallahassee.
J Fla Med Assoc. 1993 May;80(5):334-40.
The itinerary of international travelers will largely determine the amount of pretravel counseling, number of immunizations and type of malaria prophylaxis they will need. The countries visited are also the best predictor of traveler's diarrhea. Only yellow fever and cholera vaccines are required for entry into certain countries; the latter generally given only to satisfy entry requirements. Polio vaccine is important for some areas and is frequently neglected. For most malarious areas, chloroquine once per week is recommended. Mefloquine should be prescribed weekly for travelers going to chloroquine resistant malarious areas. Traveler's diarrhea is best prevented by avoiding high risk foods and beverages. Antibiotics, generally not recommended for prophylaxis, are very effective in treatment. Travelers should be reminded to advise physicians of their travel history during future medical encounters so that otherwise exotic tropical diseases, possibly contracted during travel, may be considered in diagnoses.
国际旅行者的行程在很大程度上决定了他们旅行前咨询的内容、所需疫苗接种的数量以及疟疾预防措施的类型。所访问的国家也是旅行者腹泻的最佳预测指标。只有黄热病和霍乱疫苗是进入某些国家所必需的；后者通常只是为了满足入境要求才接种。脊髓灰质炎疫苗对某些地区很重要，但经常被忽视。对于大多数疟疾流行地区，建议每周服用一次氯喹。对于前往氯喹耐药疟疾流行地区的旅行者，应每周开一次甲氟喹。避免食用高风险的食物和饮料是预防旅行者腹泻的最佳方法。抗生素一般不推荐用于预防，但在治疗中非常有效。应提醒旅行者在今后就医时告知医生他们的旅行史，以便在诊断时考虑到可能在旅行期间感染的其他外来热带疾病。
