中枢神经系统兴奋剂与体育锻炼
Central nervous system stimulants and sport practice.
作者信息
Avois L, Robinson N, Saudan C, Baume N, Mangin P, Saugy M
机构信息
Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, Lausanne University, Switzerland.
出版信息
Br J Sports Med. 2006 Jul;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i16-20. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.027557.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants may be used to reduce tiredness and increase alertness, competitiveness, and aggression. They are more likely to be used in competition but may be used during training to increase the intensity of the training session. There are several potential dangers involving their misuse in contact sports. This paper reviews the three main CNS stimulants, ephedrine, amfetamine, and cocaine, in relation to misuse in sport.
METHODS
Description of the pharmacology, actions, and side effects of amfetamine, cocaine, and ephedrine.
RESULTS
CNS stimulants have psychotropic effects that may be perceived to be ergogenic. Some are prescription drugs, such as Ephedra alkaloids, and there are issues regarding their appropriate therapeutic use. Recently attention has been given to their widespread use by athletes, despite the lack of evidence regarding any ergogenic or real performance benefit, and their potentially serious side effects. Recreational drugs, some of which are illegal (cocaine, amfetamines), are commonly used by athletes and cause potential ergolytic effects. Overall, these drugs are important for their frequent use and mention in anti-doping laboratories statistics and the media, and their potentially serious adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Doping with CNS stimulants is a real public health problem and all sports authorities should participate in its prevention. Dissemination of information is essential to prevent doping in sport and to provide alternatives. Adequate training and education in this domain should be introduced.
背景与目的
中枢神经系统（CNS）兴奋剂可用于减轻疲劳、提高警觉性、增强竞争力和攻击性。它们更有可能在比赛中使用，但也可能在训练期间用于增加训练强度。在接触性运动中滥用这些兴奋剂存在多种潜在风险。本文综述了三种主要的中枢神经系统兴奋剂——麻黄碱、苯丙胺和可卡因在体育领域的滥用情况。
方法
描述苯丙胺、可卡因和麻黄碱的药理学、作用及副作用。
结果
中枢神经系统兴奋剂具有精神otropic效应，可能被认为具有提高运动能力的作用。有些是处方药，如麻黄生物碱，其合理治疗用途存在问题。尽管缺乏关于提高运动能力或实际提高成绩益处的证据以及其潜在的严重副作用，但最近人们关注到运动员广泛使用这些药物。娱乐性药物，其中一些是非法的（可卡因、苯丙胺），运动员也常用，会产生潜在的运动能力下降效应。总体而言，这些药物因其频繁使用、在反兴奋剂实验室统计数据和媒体中的提及以及潜在的严重不良反应而备受关注。
结论
使用中枢神经系统兴奋剂进行兴奋剂检测是一个切实的公共卫生问题，所有体育管理机构都应参与预防。信息传播对于防止体育领域的兴奋剂使用和提供替代方法至关重要。应在这一领域开展充分的培训和教育。
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