Morse C K
Department of Psychology, Guilford College, Greensboro, North Carolina 27410.
Psychol Aging. 1993 Jun;8(2):156-64. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.8.2.156.
It is often asserted that older people are more variable than younger people; however, the published data do not always support this statement. To examine directly the applicability of the assertion, measures of reaction time (RT), memory, and intelligence from studies published in Psychology and Aging and the Journal of Gerontology from 1986 to 1990 were examined. The coefficients of variability calculated from data published in studies in which a group of younger people was compared with a group of older people indicated that variability was greater among older participants on measures of RT, memory, and fluid intelligence but not crystallized intelligence. Further examination of data bearing on relative variability is indicated.
人们常常断言，老年人比年轻人的变异性更大；然而，已发表的数据并不总是支持这一说法。为了直接检验这一断言的适用性，我们对1986年至1990年发表在《心理学与衰老》和《老年学杂志》上的研究中的反应时间（RT）、记忆力和智力测量数据进行了考察。从将一组年轻人与一组老年人进行比较的研究中发表的数据计算得出的变异系数表明，在反应时间、记忆力和流体智力测量方面，老年参与者的变异性更大，但在晶体智力方面并非如此。文中还指出需要对与相对变异性相关的数据进行进一步考察。
