Behrens R H, Curtis C F
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Travel Clinic, London, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1993 Apr;49(2):363-81. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072615.
Malaria continues to be a serious health risk for travellers. The malaria parasites which infect humans can only be naturally transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Travellers to malaria endemic areas require detailed advice on appropriate chemoprophylaxis against malaria and personal protection against mosquito bites. The decision on an appropriate chemoprophylaxis or standby therapy regimen should reflect the malaria risk, pattern of drug resistance, and the toxicity of available drugs. Currently travellers encounter a number of problems in protecting themselves against malaria. Advice is often both inadequate and inaccurate; and all the recommended drug regimens are associated with minor, and occasionally major adverse reactions. Because of poor compliance to drug prophylaxis and to reduce the impact of drug resistance, protection against mosquitoes has a critical role in protecting travellers from malaria. Compliance to methods of personal protection not only reduces the malaria risk but also limits the nuisance and loss of sleep from biting insects.
疟疾仍然是旅行者面临的严重健康风险。感染人类的疟原虫只能由按蚊属的雌蚊自然传播。前往疟疾流行地区的旅行者需要获得关于适当的疟疾化学预防和个人防蚊叮咬保护的详细建议。关于适当的化学预防或备用治疗方案的决定应反映疟疾风险、耐药模式以及现有药物的毒性。目前，旅行者在自我预防疟疾方面遇到了一些问题。建议往往既不充分也不准确；而且所有推荐的药物方案都伴有轻微的，偶尔也会有严重的不良反应。由于药物预防的依从性差，以及为了减少耐药性的影响，防蚊在保护旅行者免受疟疾感染方面起着关键作用。遵守个人防护方法不仅能降低疟疾风险，还能减少叮咬昆虫带来的困扰和睡眠损失。
