Lobel H O, Phillips-Howard P A, Brandling-Bennett A D, Steffen R, Campbell C C, Huong A Y, Were J B, Moser R
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(2):209-15.
A longitudinal survey was conducted among travellers departing from Nairobi airport to determine the use of malaria prevention measures and assess the risk for malaria while travelling in Kenya. Among 5489 European and North American travellers, 68 different drug regimens were used for prophylaxis, and 48% of travellers used both regular chemoprophylaxis and more than 1 antimosquito measure during travel; 52% of 3469 travellers who used chemoprophylaxis did so without interruption during their travel and for 4 weeks after departure. Compliance was lowest among travellers who visited friends and relatives, who were young, or who stayed more than 3 weeks. Sixty-seven (1%) travellers experienced symptoms of malaria, but the diagnosis could be verified for only 16 of these. Long-stay travellers appeared to be at higher risk for malaria than short-stay travellers, and health information needs to be targeted especially to the former. Similar investigations are needed among international travellers to other malaria-endemic countries. With comparable data available, consistent and effective malaria prevention guidelines can be developed.
对从内罗毕机场出发的旅行者进行了一项纵向调查，以确定疟疾预防措施的使用情况，并评估在肯尼亚旅行期间感染疟疾的风险。在5489名欧洲和北美旅行者中，使用了68种不同的药物预防方案，48%的旅行者在旅行期间同时使用了常规化学预防和不止一种防蚊措施；在3469名使用化学预防的旅行者中，52%在旅行期间及出发后4周内不间断地进行预防。在探访朋友和亲戚的旅行者、年轻人或停留超过3周的旅行者中，依从性最低。67名（1%）旅行者出现了疟疾症状，但其中只有16例的诊断得到证实。长期停留的旅行者感染疟疾的风险似乎比短期停留的旅行者更高，健康信息需要特别针对前者。其他疟疾流行国家的国际旅行者也需要进行类似的调查。有了可比数据，就可以制定一致且有效的疟疾预防指南。
